? INGOMA Z’ABAHUTU ZA MBERE

Mu bushakashatsi bwagiye bukorwa byagaragaye ko ingoma zabanjirije ingoma z’u Rwanda rw’Abanyiginya zategekwaga n’Abahutu. Reka turebe izo ngoma z’abahutu za mbere duhereye ku bwoko bw’abazitegekaga :

1. Abenengwe

Ingoma yabo yitwaga Nyamibande. Bategekaga u Bungwe. Ni igihugu cyabumbaga u Busanza bw’amajyepfo, u Bufundu, Nyaruguru, Bashumba, Nyakare, u Buyenzi. Ikirangabwoko cyabo cyari ingwe. Umwami wari uriho ku mwaduko w’Abanyiginya yari Rwamba akaba yari atuye mu bya Nyakizu muri Butare. Hari abamukomokaho bitwa Abenerwamba. Undi mwami w’umwenengwe wategekaga igihugu cye kijya gutsindwa n’u Rwanda ni Samukende, umugabo wa Nyagakecuru ko mu Bisi bya Huye. Umuhungu w’uwo Samukende, ariwe Rubuga, yaratsinzwe maze igihugu cye kigarurwa n’u Rwanda.

2. Abasinga

Ingoma yabo yitwaga Mpatsibihugu. Bakunze kuvuga ko akarere bari barimo kari kagari cyane. Twibuke ko abasinga bari ugutatu: ab’ibanze aribo Basinga b’abasangwabutaka, hakaba n’abandi baje nyuma y’Abanyiginya, aribo Abanukamishyo n’Abagahe. Abo Basinga b’abasangwabutaka banabitaga „Ababyarabami“, kuko abami ba mbere barindwi b’u Rwanda bikurikiranyije bavuka ku Basingakazi. Umwe mu bami babo w’igihangange ngo yitwaga Rurenge. Ibyo byatumye bamwe banabita Abarenge; ni ukuvuga ariko inzu ivamo abami babo nk’uko tuvuga Abahindiro (Abanyiginya). Igihe cy’umwaduko w’Abanyiginya, umwami w’umusinga yari Jeni rya Rurenge. Mu by’ukuri bamuvugaho byinci bisa n’imigani. Icyakora ngo yari atuye ku Rwerere rw’i Bugoyi. Mbese yari akubye ubutaka bungana na Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, iya Kibuye, Bunyambiriri muri Gikongoro. Abasinga bo muri icyo gihe bari basakaye no mu zindi ntara zo muri Cyangugu y’ubu: Biru, Cyesha, Mpara, Busozo, Bukunzi. Mu karere k’amajyaruguru ya Kivu, hari intara zari ziganjemo Abasinga: Bwishya, Jomba, Gisigari, Bwito, Gishari, Byahi na Kamuronsi. Abasinga babarizwaga no mu Burwi (Mvejuru na Buhanga-Ndara muri Butare y’ubu). Nta gitangaje rero kuba abitwa Abasinga kuri iki gihe aribo benci ,mu moko y’u Rwanda mu ijanisha.

3. Abazigaba

Ingoma yabo yari Sera. Umwami wabo ku mwaduko w’Abanyiginya yari Kabeja, akaba umwami wo mu Rweya. Bavuga ko Abazigaba baje baturuka mu by’ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Twibuke ko no mu burengerazuba wa Tanzaniya hari Abazigaba batari bake, cyane mu bya Karagwe.

4. Abagesera

Ingoma yabo yari Rukurura. Igihugu bategekaga ni Gisaka (Gihunya, Mirenge na Migongo). Izina ryabo rifitanye isano n’iry’ikiyaga cya Mugesera. Hari n’abavuga ko u Bugesera bwigeze gutegekwa n’Abagesera.
Icyitonderwa: Mu Basinga, mu Bazigaba no mu Bagesera hari Abatutsi. Ariko rero n’ubwo bashyikiranye kera cyane n’Abanyiginya n’Abega, abitwa Imfura bo mu Banyiginya n’Abega ntibabura guhamya ko abo Batutsi b’Abasinga, b’Abazigaba, n’Abagesera mu by’ukuri ari Abahutu. Bene ingoma nyiginya bagize abo Bahutu „abase“ b’andi moko yose. Nyamara siko bimeze mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, nko muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abungura bashobora kuba „abase“ b’Abacyaba, Ababanda bakaba „abase“ b’Abasinga.

„Abase“ : bari abantu b’abanyacyubahiro, bakora imihango yo gutanga ikibanza, kuzirura, kweza iyo usanzwe ubigenewe yabuze.

5. Abacyaba

Ingoma yabo yari Rugara. Igihugu bategekaga kitwaga Bugara, kikabumba amahugu akikije ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo, kigashora kuri Mukungwa na Base. Hari n’akarere kagiye mu ruhande rwa Uganda. Umwami wamamaye wabo ni Nzira ya Muramira umwami w’u Bugara wahiritswe ku mayeri na Ruganzu Ndori wigize „Cyambarantama“. Izina Cyambarantama turisanga no mu migani y’u Burundi bita “ibitito”: uwo Cyambarantama w’i Burundi akora ibintu by’amayeri nk’ibyo bavuga kuri Ruganzu Ndori. Ntibyoroshye rero kumenya ukuri kw’itsindwa ry’icyo gihugu cy’u Bugara. Abacyaba babarirwa kandi mu moko ya kera cyane mu Bugesera, nk’Abasinga, Abazigaba n’abandi.

6. Abungura

Ingoma yabo y’ingabe yitwaga Kamuhagama. Nta wuzi igihugu batwaraga uko cyitwaga n’aho cyagarukiraga. Ariko ikidashidikanywa ni uko icyo gihugu cyari kigizwe n’utu turere: Bumbogo, Buriza, Busigi, Bwanacyambwe. Birashoboka ko Abungura bategekaga n’igice cy’u Buganza ndetse n’u Rukaryi rutarigarurirwa n’Abahondogo bo mu Bugesera.

7. Ababanda

Ingoma yabo y’ingabe yitwaga Nyabahinda. Igihugu cy’Ababanda cyitwaga Nduga. Bakundaga kuvuga ngo „Nduga ngari ya Gisari na Kibanda” . Gisari ni muri Komini Ntongwe naho Kibanda iri muri Komini Nyamabuye. “Nduga ngari” yari ibumbye uturere twose twa Perefegitura ya Gitarama, ukongeraho Komini Nyabisindu (Busanza-Nord), Shyanda, Ntyazo na Muyira zo muri Butare. Ababanda bigeze no kwambuka Nyabarongo, bagura igihugu batera u Rwanda ku bwa Mibambwe I Mutabazi, bayobowe na Ngoga mwene Mashira umwami w’i Nduga. Buhiraga inka zabo mu Muhima wa Kigali ngo „Abahima ntibahakandire“! Umwami uheruka wabaye ikirangirire ni Mashira wa Nkuba ya Sebugabo, ntabwo Mashira yari mwene Sebugabo nk’uko bamwe babivuga. Mashira bamushyize no mu mandwa baramubandwa, cyane cyane abo mu Nduga nyine ukuyemo “imfura”. Yari afite ingo enye zikomeye aha hakurikira: Kibanda muri Komini Nyamabuye, Cyubi muri Komini Rutobwe, Kigina cya Ndiza bugufi y’isoko y’umugezi wa Nyakabanda uri hafi y’ibiro bya Komini Nyakabanda, na Nyanza muri Komini Nyabisindu.
Mu Burundi hari umuryango w’Ababanda ubarirwa mu Batutsi b’indobanure, nyamara kandi hari abitwa “Abashira” ngo bakomoka kuri Mashira, ariko bo bakaba Abahutu. Ikizwi ni uko mu Rwanda hambere aha bakunze kuvuga ko nta Mubanda w’umututsi ubaho: ibyo bivugwa ahanini biturutse kuri bamwe mu Babanda bitwa Abatutsi, cyane muri Nyaruguru ho muri Gikongoro.
Dore muri make uko Ababanda bari batuye mu Rwanda mu mwaka w’1960: ahanini ni igipande gihurutuye kuva mu Rwankeri (Ruhengeri) kikamanuka gisesa mu Marangara (Gitarama) unyuze mu Buhoma, mu Bushiru bw’iburasirazuba, mu Bukonya, mu Cyingogo, Ndiza. Muri icyo gipande hari ikigereranyo cya 31% y’Ababanda ku bahatuye bose. Amarangara yo muri Gitarama yategekwaga n’umwami w’umubanda witwaga Nkoma ya Nkondogoro, bakongeraho ngo “ikirozi cyo mu Marangara kitarogera ubusa nk’abanone” . Mu by’ukuri Amarangara yari afite ubwigenge bucagase, ariko abami baho bakagengwa n’umwami w’i Nduga mwene wabo.
Bavugaga hambere ko Ababanda badutse mu Rwanda babungererana inka zabo. Ibyo ntibivuga ko kubera iyo mpamvu, bari abatutsi; Ababanda benci bakunze kugira inka z’imbata nyinci. Agasigisigi k’ubwo bukire bw’inka nyinci ni iz’umugabo w’i Gakoma k’Ababanda muri Komini Muyira witwaga Senteteri wari utunze inka nyinci mu by’1940 ku bulyo bazitaga “Urukubazuba” (ngo aho izuba rigera hose urazihasanga). Senteteri uwo kandi yari Umuhutu birazwi.

8. Abahomdogo bo mu Bugesera

Ingoma y’ingabe y’Abahondogo yitwaga Rukombamazi, naho imfizi y’ubwami ikitwa Rushya. Byombi byatwawe n’abanyarwanda mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XVIII, ku ngoma ya Mibambwe III Sentabyo. Abahondogo bari mu Rwanda ubu ni mbarwa. Ni abatutsi gusa. Abahondogo bo mu Bugesera hafi ya bose biyita Abashambo. Bamwe bavuga ko Abahondogo ari ubwoko, kuko bafite ikirangabwoko aricyo Ishwima, abandi bakemeza ko kubera ubuke bwabo, Abahondogo atari ubwoko, ahubwo ari inzu yari ku butegetsi kimwe n’Abahindiro b’i Rwanda. Hari rero n’aavuga ko byaba byiza gushakira igisubizo nyacyo mu Burundi , kuko ariho hari Abahondogo benci cyane. Ikindi kandi Abahondogo babarirwa mu milyango ine abami b’i Burundi bashakagamo abageni. Imilyango itatu yindi ni Abanyakarama Mfyufyu, Abenengwe n’Abanyagisaka. Iyo milyango uko ari ine ibarirwa mu y’Abatutsi b’izina (ni ukuvuga bo mu rwego rwo hejuru), ari bo “Abanyaruguru”.